Xana u ni xivindzi xo papalata ku wisa hi ku nghenisa swisirhelelo swa vuhlayiseki ntsena? Leswi swimbirhi a swi si tshama swi va swivutiso swa Single choice questions!
"Xana Tikhebulu to Lawula eKamareni ra Khabinete Ti Nga Tshama ti nga ri na Misava hi Swisirhelelo swa Vuhlayiseki? Van'wana va tshemba leswaku "hi swisirhelelo swa vuhlayiseki swa nsirhelelo wa ku tlakuka ka mati na ku hambanisiwa ka ku kavanyeteka, ku vekiwa ehansi ka swiphemu swa ku sirhelela ka tikhebulu to lawula swi nga endliwa hi ku olova. " Hambiswiritano, swipimelo leswi faneleke swi boxa kahle swilaveko na tindlela to veka ehansi swiphemu swo sirhelela swa tikhebulu to lawula ekamareni ra khabinete. Xana ku vekiwa ka misava ka leyara yo sirhelela ya tikhebulu to lawula eka tlhelo ra le ndzeni ra kamara ra khabinete swi fambelana na vukona bya swisirhelelo swa vuhlayiseki?Namuntlha, hi hlamusela hinkwaswo malunghana ni ku veka ehansi swiphemu leswi sirhelelaka swa tintambhu to lawula ekamareni ra khabinete.”
Ku vekiwa ka misava ka leyara yo sirhelela ya tikhebulu to lawula ekamareni ra khabinetengopfu-ngopfu yi tirha ku lwisana ni ku kavanyetiwa, hi mintirho na swikongomelo swo karhi leswi landzelaka:
1. 1. .Ku sivela ku kavanyetiwa ka electromagnetic yale handle: Loko se yi pfaleriwile ehansi, leyara yo sirhelela yi tirha tani hi "barrier," yi kongomisa ti currents leti hlohleteriwaka hi ti electromagnetic fields tale handle kuya emisaveni, xisweswo yi sivela swikombiso swa interference ku nghena eka cable naswona yi khumba ku pakanisa ka swikombiso swa vulawuri leswi hundziseriwaka.
2. 2. .Ku sivela swikombiso swa le ndzeni ku kavanyeta switirhisiwa swa le handle: Swikombiso leswi hundziseriwaka endzeni ka khebulu swi nga ha humesa matimba ya gezi. Leyara yo sirhelela leyi nga ehansi yi nga tshikilela tinsimu leti leswaku ti nga hangalaki ehandle, ku papalata ku kavanyetiwa hi switirhisiwa leswi rhendzeleke.
3. 3. .Ku sirhelela switirhisiwa na vuhlayiseki bya vatirhi: Loko leyara yo sirhelela yi nga ri na misava, ku hlengeletana ka static kumbe ti voltage leti nga tolovelekangiki swi nga vanga ku nga tirhi kahle ka switirhisiwa. Ku vekiwa ehansi swi hambukisa swibalo leswi tlulaka mpimo emisaveni, leswi hungutaka makhombo ya vuhlayiseki.
Swilaveko swa nkoka swa mpimanyeto na maendlelo yo veka misava eka swiphemu swo sirhelela swa tikhebulu to lawula eka kamara ra khabinete:
1. 1. .GB 50093-2013 "Khodi ya ku Aka na ku Amukeriwa ka Khwalithi ya Vuinjhiniyere bya Switirhisiwa swa Otomatiki."
10.2.10 Leyara yo sirhelela ya tikhebulu ta switirhisiwa na tintambhu yi ta vekiwa ehansi eka tlhelo ra phanele/khabinete ya kamara ro lawula. Leyara yo sirhelela ya xirhendzevutani xin’we yi fanele ku va na ku ya emahlweni ka gezi loku tshembekaka naswona a yi fanelanga ku tshikiwa yi papamala kumbe ku vekiwa ehansi hi ku phindha-phindha.
10.2.11 Swisirhelelo swa tintambhu leti hlomeke swi fanele ku vekiwa ehansi leswaku swi sirheleleka emakumu hamambirhi.
10.2.12 Eka mabokisi ya vuhlanganisi ya le xikarhi, swiphemu swo sirhelela swa khebulu ya le henhla leswi avaneke swi ta hlanganisiwa na swiphemu swo sirhelela swa khebulu ya vumbirhi leswi fambelanaka hi ku tirhisa titheminali. Ti layeri to hambana ta swisirhelelo tifanele ku hlanganisiwa hiku hambana handle ko hlanganisiwa naswona tifanele kuva ti pfaleriwa.
10.2.13 Loko swilaveko swo lwisana na ku kavanyetiwa swi ri kona, ti-spare cores eka tikhebulu ta ti-core to tala ti fanele ku vekiwa emisaveni eka ndhawu yin’we. Eka tikhebulu leti sirhelelekeke, ti spare cores na leyara yo sirhelela swi fanele ku vekiwa ehansi eka tlhelo rin’we.
2. 2. .SH/T 3081-2019 "Khodi ya Dizayini ya ku Grounding ka Switirhisiwa eka Tiindasitiri ta Petroliyamu na Tikhemikhali".
XITLHOKOVETSELO XA A
(Xiengetelo xa Normative) .
Mepe wa misava wa tikhebulu lowu sirhelelekeke
Leyara yo sirhelela ya khebulu leyikulu ya ti-multi-core eka xiyenge xa xikirini hinkwaxo yi tshama yi ri karhi yi hlanganisiwa na kamara ra khabinete tanihilaha swi kombisiweke hakona eka Xifaniso xa A-1. Leyara yo sirhelela ya khebulu leyikulu ya ti-multi-core eka xiyenge xa xikirini hinkwaxo yi avanyisiwile no hlanganisiwa na bokisi ro hlanganisa na kamara ra khabinete tanihilaha swi kombisiweke hakona eka Xifaniso xa A-2. Leyara yo sirhelela ya khebulu leyikulu ya ti-multi-core eka xiyenge xa xikirini hinkwaxo yi tshama yi ri karhi yi hlanganisiwa na kamara ra khabinete tanihilaha swi kombisiweke hakona eka Xifaniso xa A-3. Leyara yo sirhelela ya khebulu leyikulu ya tikhori to tala eka xiyenge xa xikirini hinkwaxo yi avanyisiwile no hlanganisiwa na bokisi ro hlanganisa na kamara ra khabinete tanihilaha swi kombisiweke hakona eka Xifaniso xa A-4.
Swiletelo swa tintambhu ta leyara yo sirhelela eka Swifaniso swa A-1 ku ya eka A-4 swi kombisiwile eka Tafula ra A. Ntambhu ya rhavi ku suka eka xitirhisiwa xa nsimu ku ya eka bokisi ro hlanganisa i khebulu yin’we leyi sirhelelekeke kumbe khebulu yin’we leyi sirhelelekeke leyi hlomeke. Ti armored cables leti nghenaka eka junction box ti tirhisa ti cable joints letingana swihlanganisi swa grounding kuva ti olova grounding connections. Tilayeri to sirhelela ta khebulu yin’wana na yin’wana ya rhavi eka Swifaniso swa Xiengetelo A-2 ku ya eka A-4 ti fanele ku hlanganisiwa swin’we eka bokisi ra nhlangano hi ku tirhisa titheminali kumbe ti busbar.
Ti layeri to sirhelela ta tikhebulu ta marhavi na tikhebulu letikulu tinga hlanganisiwa naku vekiwa ehansi eka khabinete ya kamara ro lawula, kumbe hiku hambana eka bokisi ra nhlangano na khabinete ya kamara ro lawula leyi vekaka ehansi eka xiphemu.
Leyara yo sirhelela ya khebulu ya rhavi eka Xifaniso xa A-1 yi hlanganisiwile na leyara yo sirhelela ya le ndzeni ya khebulu leyikulu, naswona leyara yo sirhelela ya khebulu ya rhavi eka Xifaniso xa A-3 yi hlanganisiwile na leyara yo sirhelela ya khebulu leyikulu eka bokisi ro hlanganisa. Leyara yo sirhelela leyi hlanganisiweke hi ku helela yi vekiwa ehansi eka khabinete ya kamara ro lawula emakumu man’wana.
Leyara yo sirhelela ya tikhebulu ta marhavi eka Swifaniso A-2 na A-4 yi vekiwile emisaveni eka makumu man’we eka bokisi ra nhlangano, kasi leyara ya le ndzeni yo sirhelela ya khebulu leyikulu eka Xifaniso xa A-2 na leyara yo sirhelela ya khebulu leyikulu eka Xifaniso xa A-4 yi vekiwile emisaveni eka makumu man’we eka khabinete ya kamara ro lawula.
Leyara ya swisirhelelo ya khebulu leyikulu yi vekiwa ehansi emakumu hamambirhi ku ya hi Xiyenge xa 4.4.1, naswona thireyi ya khebulu ya nsimbi yi vekiwa ehansi emakumu hamambirhi ku ya hi Xiyenge xa 4.1.8, hi ku phindha-phindha ku vekiwa ehansi eka 30m yin’wana na yin’wana.
Tafula Ndlela ya Tiwayiri ta Xisirhelelo xa Leyara
Ndlela yo hlanganisa ya ku sirhelela | Bokisi ra nhlangano | Khabinete | ||||
Tikhebulu ta marhavi ku suka eka switirhisiwa swa le ndzhawini ku ya eka mabokisi yo hlanganisa | Multi core main cable ya xikirini hinkwaxo na xikirini lexi avaneke | |||||
Xifaniso xa A-1 | Leyara yo sirhelela yihlanganisiwa na cable leyikulu hiku tirhisa ti terminals naswona ayi groundiwangi | Armor layer kumbe metal protective tube yihlanganisiwa na grounding busbar kuva yisirhelela | Leyara yo sirhelela yi hlanganisiwa na leyara yo sirhelela ya cable ya rhavi hi ku tirhisa ti terminal naswona a yi groundiwangi | Leyara ya xisirhelelo hinkwayo yihlanganisiwa na misava yo sirhelela hiku tirhisa busbar ya misava | Leyara yo sirhelela yi hlanganisiwa na ndzhawu yo tirhela eka yona hiku tirhisa grounding busbar | Leyara ya xisirhelelo hinkwayo yihlanganisiwa na misava yo sirhelela hiku tirhisa busbar ya misava |
Xifaniso xa A-2 | Leyara yo sirhelela yi hlanganisiwa na misava yo sirhelela hi ku tirhisa busbar ya misava | Armor layer kumbe metal protective tube yihlanganisiwa na grounding busbar kuva yisirhelela | Leyara yo sirhelela leyi nga riki na nchumu | Leyara ya xisirhelelo hinkwayo yihlanganisiwa na misava yo sirhelela hiku tirhisa busbar ya misava | Leyara yo sirhelela yi hlanganisiwa na ndzhawu yo tirhela eka yona hiku tirhisa grounding busbar | Leyara ya xisirhelelo hinkwayo yihlanganisiwa na misava yo sirhelela hiku tirhisa busbar ya misava |
| Bokisi ra nhlangano | Khabinete | ||||
Tikhebulu ta marhavi ku suka eka switirhisiwa swa le ndzhawini ku ya eka mabokisi yo hlanganisa | Multi core main cable ya xikirini hinkwaxo na xikirini lexi avaneke | |||||
Xifaniso xa A-3 | Leyara yo sirhelela yi hlanganisiwa na leyara yo sirhelela hinkwayo ya cable leyikulu hi ku tirhisa ti terminal naswona a yi groundiwanga | Armor layer kumbe metal protective tube yihlanganisiwa na grounding busbar kuva yisirhelela | Ku hava leyara yo sirhelela leyi hambaneke | Leyara ya xisirhelelo hinkwayo yi hlanganisiwa na leyara yo sirhelela ya khebulu ya rhavi hi ku tirhisa ti terminal naswona a yi groundiwanga | Ku hava leyara yo sirhelela leyi hambaneke | Leyara ya xisirhelelo hinkwayo yi hlanganisiwa na ndzhawu yo tirhela eka yona hiku tirhisa busbar ya misava |
Xifaniso xa A-4 | Leyara yo sirhelela yi hlanganisiwa na misava yo sirhelela hi ku tirhisa busbar ya misava | Armor layer kumbe metal protective tube yihlanganisiwa na grounding busbar kuva yisirhelela | Ku hava leyara yo sirhelela leyi hambaneke | Leyara ya xisirhelelo hinkwayo a yi na nchumu | Ku hava leyara yo khoma xikirini leyi avaneke | Leyara ya xisirhelelo hinkwayo yi hlanganisiwa na ndzhawu yo tirhela eka yona hiku tirhisa busbar ya misava |
Ku tirhisiwa loku tirhaka ka vunjhiniyara na swifaniso swa vutomi bya xiviri bya le ndzhawini:
Ku vekiwa ka misava ka leyara yo sirhelela eka tlhelo ra le ndzeni ra khebulu yo lawula ekamareni ra khabinete a swi fambelani na loko swihinga swa vuhlayiseki (Xihinga xo Tihambanisas, swisirhelelo swa surge, na swin’wana) swi lulamisiwile. Handle ka loko ku ri na swilaveko swo hlawuleka eka matsalwa ya dizayini, ya fanele ku tirhisiwa hi ku hetiseka hi ku landza swihlawulekisi.
