Ukuxhumana kwe-Modbus: Isihluthulelo Sokwakha Amanethiwekhi Ezimboni Angenamthungo
Ukuxhumana kwe-Modbus: Isihluthulelo Sokwakha Amanethiwekhi Ezimboni Angenamthungo
Ukubuka konke
I-Modbus iyiphrothokholi esetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wezimboni, eyasungulwa ngo-1979 ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi ezenzakalelayo. I-Modbus yaqalwa ukusetshenziswa njengephrothokholi yezinga lesicelo sokudlulisa idatha ngesendlalelo se-serial, futhi manje ingandiswa futhi ukuze isetshenziswe nge-serial, TCP/IP, kanye ne-User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Lo mbhalo unikeza incazelo ejulile yokusetshenziswa kwephrothokholi.
Iyini inqubo ye-Modbus?
I-Modbus iyiphrothokholi yokuphendula isicelo esetshenziswa ngobudlelwano be-master-slave. Ebudlelwaneni be-master-slave, ukuxhumana kuhlala kwenzeka ngababili (idivayisi kumele iqalise isicelo bese ilinda impendulo), kanti idivayisi ecelayo (idivayisi eyinhloko) inesibopho sokuqala ukusebenzisana ngakunye. Ngokuvamile, idivayisi eyinhloko iyi-interface yomuntu nomshini (i-HMI) noma uhlelo lokuqapha nokuthola idatha (i-SCADA), kuyilapho amadivayisi esibili eyizinzwa, abalawuli be-logic abahlelekayo (i-plcs), noma abalawuli be-automation abahlelekayo (ama-PAC). Okuqukethwe kwalezi zicelo nezimpendulo, kanye nesendlalelo senethiwekhi esithumela le milayezo, kuchazwa ngezendlalelo ezahlukene zephrothokholi.
Yimaphi amadivayisi asekela iphrothokholi yeModbus?
Iphrothokholi yeModbus isekelwa kabanzi ngamadivayisi, kufaka phakathi abalawuli be-logic abahlelekayo (ama-PLC), amayunithi e-terminal akude (ama-RTU), izinzwa, ama-actuator, ama-interface omshini womuntu (ama-HMI), kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zamadivayisi e-automation yezimboni kanye nemikhakha yezimboni. UMnyango Wokulawula Izinqubo. I-Modbus isetshenziswa kabanzi futhi isibe yindinganiso yokusebenzisana phakathi kwamadivayisi akhiqizwe abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene emikhakheni efana nokukhiqiza, amandla, ezokuthutha, kanye ne-automation yokwakha.
Isango le-Modbus liyidivayisi eguqula inqubo yokuxhumana esetshenziswa yizikhungo zenethiwekhi zesistimu yokuzenzakalela yezimboni. Ixhumana namadivayisi ahlakaniphile, iqoqa idatha kumadivayisi asezingeni eliphansi bese iyithumela esangweni le-Modbus, isungula uxhumano nenethiwekhi yekhompyutha ephezulu, futhi yenza inqubo ye-Modbus namakhompyutha enethiwekhi.
Imodi yokuxhumana ye-Modbus
Iphrothokholi ye-Modbus inezindlela ezintathu zokuxhumana eziyinhloko:
lI-RTU (Iyunithi Yesiphetho Esikude)
lI-ASCII (Ikhodi Ejwayelekile YaseMelika Yokushintshana Kolwazi)
lI-TCP/IP (Iphrothokholi Yokulawula Ukudlulisa/Iphrothokholi Ye-inthanethi)
Kuphrothokholi ye-Modbus, i-Modbus TCP kanye ne-Modbus RTU yizindlela ezimbili zokuxhumana ezivame kakhulu. Nakuba zonke zenzelwe ukwenza kube lula ukushintshana kwedatha phakathi kwamadivayisi, kukhona umehluko omkhulu ezindleleni zazo zokusebenzisa kanye nezimo zohlelo lokusebenza.
Indlela yokuxhumana kanye nesivinini
I-Modbus TCP isebenzisa i-TCP/IP protocol stack ukuze idlulisele idatha ngamanethiwekhi, ithembele kwingqalasizinda yenethiwekhi efana ne-Ethernet ukuze ifinyelele ekudluliseleni idatha ngesivinini esikhulu nangokubanzi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Modbus RTU idlulisela idatha ngemigqa elandelanayo efana ne-RS-485 kanye ne-RS-232, enesivinini sokudlulisa esihamba kancane..
I-Modbus RTU ihlanganisa ozimele bedatha ngefomethi ye-binary ehlanganisiwe, kufaka phakathi amasimu ekheli, amakhodi omsebenzi, idatha, kanye namasimu e-checksum. Le fomethi idluliselwa kahle ngesimo se-binary, okwenza ifaneleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokulawula zesikhathi sangempela noma zendawo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingenayo ingqalasizinda yenethiwekhi ekhona, njengezindawo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kwezimboni, izinhlelo ezifakiwe, amanethiwekhi ezinzwa, kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ezincane.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Modbus TCP iguqula i-byte ngayinye yedatha enamadijithi amabili ibe yintambo ye-hexadecimal eqondile enezinombolo ezimbili, ehlanganiswa ndawonye bese idluliselwa ngefomethi yekhodi ye-TCP. Ngenxa yobulula bayo, ukuthembeka, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko, isetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalelayo ezinkulu, izikhungo zedatha, ukwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalelayo kwezakhiwo, kanye ne-Internet of Things yezimboni, ezidinga amabanga amade okuxhumana kanye nezidingo eziphezulu zesikhathi sangempela kanye nokuzinza kokudluliselwa kwedatha.
Aindawo yokufaka isicelo
Embonini yokukhiqiza, i-Modbus isetshenziselwa ukuxhuma imishini ehlukahlukene yokukhiqiza nokufeza ukuqapha nokulawula inqubo yokukhiqiza ngesikhathi sangempela; Emkhakheni wamandla, isetshenziselwa ukuphathwa kwezinhlelo zamandla ezenzakalelayo, okuhlanganisa izinqubo zokukhiqizwa kwamandla, ukudlulisa, kanye nokusabalalisa; Embonini yezokuthutha, i-Modbus isetshenziselwa izinhlelo zesignali zokuhamba ngesitimela zasemadolobheni, ukuqapha isimo semoto, njll.; Emkhakheni wokusebenza kwezakhiwo ezenzakalelayo, i-Modbus isetshenziswa ku-HVAC, ukukhanyisa, kanye nezinhlelo zokuphepha ezakhiweni.
Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe be-inthanethi yezimboni kanye ne-inthanethi yezinto, i-Modbus nayo ihlala isungula izinto ezintsha futhi ithuthukisa ukuze ivumelane nezimo zezimboni eziyinkimbinkimbi nezishintshayo. Isibonelo, i-Modbus/TCP kancane kancane iba yindinganiso evamile yokuxhumana kwe-Ethernet yezimboni, futhi amadivayisi angena asekelwe ku-Modbus avumela amadivayisi endabuko e-Modbus ukuthi axhumeke kalula kumanethiwekhi esimanje, okwenza kube lula ukugcina amafu kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha.
Ngamafuphi, iModbus, njengenqubo yokuxhumana yezimboni evuthiwe futhi esetshenziswa kabanzi, ibone intuthuko yobuchwepheshe bokuzenzakalela kwezimboni futhi yabeka isisekelo esiqinile sobuhlakani bezimboni besikhathi esizayo. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, iModbus izoqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile ekushayeleni ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye noshintsho eqenjini lezimboni.noma.