Ukukhulumisana kwe-Modbus: Isihluthulelo sokwakha amanethiwekhi wezamabubulo angathungi
Ukukhulumisana kwe-Modbus: Isihluthulelo sokwakha amanethiwekhi wezamabubulo angathungi
Ukuhlolisisa
I-Modbus yiphrothokholi esetjenziswa khulu emabubulweni, eyakhiwe ngo-1979 ukwenza bona kube nokukhulumisana hlangana namadivayisi wokuzenzakalela. I-Modbus ekuthomeni yasetjenziswa njengephrothokholi yezinga lokusebenza yokudlulisa idatha ngesendlalelo se-serial, begodu nje inganwetshwa bona isetjenziswe nge-serial, i-TCP/IP, kanye ne-User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Umtlolo lo unikela ihlathululo ejulileko yokusetjenziswa kwephrothokholi.
Khuyini iphrothokholi ye-Modbus?
I-Modbus yiphrothokholi yokuphendula isibawo eyenziwa ngobudlelwano bomphathi nesigqila. Ebudlelwaneni bomphathi nesigqila, ukukhulumisana kuhlala kwenzeka ngababili (isisetjenziswa kufanele sithome isibawo bese silinde ipendulo), begodu isisetjenziswa esibawako (isisetjenziswa esikhulu) sinesibopho sokuthoma ukusebenzisana ngamunye. Ngokuvamileko, idivayisi ephambili yi-interface yabantu nomtjhini (i-HMI) nofana ihlelo lokutjheja nokuthola idatha (i-SCADA), lokha iinsetjenziswa zesibili ziinzwa, iinlawuli ze-logic ezihlelekileko (plcs), nofana iinlawuli ezihlelekileko (ama-PAC). Okuqukethwe kwalezi zicelo neempendulo, kanye nesendlalelo senethiwekhi esithumela imilayezo le, kuchazwa ngamasendlalelo ahlukileko wephrothokholi.
Ngimaphi amadivayisi asekela iphrothokholi ye-Modbus?
Iphrothokholi ye-Modbus isekelwa khulu ziinsetjenziswa, okufakahlangana iinlawuli ze-logic ezihlelekileko (ama-PLC), amayunithi wetheminali akude (ama-RTU), iinzwa, ama-actuator, iinhlanganisela zabantu nemitjhini (ama-HMI), neminye imihlobo eminengi yamadivayisi we-industrial automation kanye nemikhakha yezebubulo. UmNyango wokulawula ikambiso. I-Modbus isetjenziswa khulu begodu sele ibe yinto ejwayelekileko yokusebenzisana hlangana namadivayisi akhiqizwa bakhiqizi abahlukahlukeneko emikhakheni efana nokukhiqiza, amandla, ukuthutha, nokuzenzakalela kwezakhiwo.
Isango le-Modbus lithulusi elitjhugulula iphrothokholi yokukhulumisana esetjenziswa ziinkundla zenethiwekhi yesistimu yezebubulo. Ikhulumisana namadivayisi ahlakaniphileko, ibuthelela idatha evela kumadivayisi wezinga eliphasi bese iyidlulisela esangweni le-Modbus, yenza ukuhlobana nenethiwekhi yekhomphyutha ephezulu, begodu yenza iphrothokholi ye-Modbus namakhomphyutha wenethiwekhi.
Indlela yokukhulumisana ye-Modbus
Iphrothokholi ye-Modbus ineendlela ezintathu zokuthintana:
lI-RTU (Iyunithi Yetheminali Ekude)
lI-ASCII (Ikhodi ye-American Standard for Information Exchange)
lI-TCP/IP (Iphrothokholi Yokulawula Ukudlulisa/Iphrothokholi ye-Inthanethi)
Kuphrothokholi ye-Modbus, i-Modbus TCP ne-Modbus RTU ziindlela ezimbili ezijayelekileko zokuthintana. Nanyana zoke zenzelwe ukusiza ukutjhugulula idatha hlangana namadivayisi, kunomehluko oqakathekileko eendleleni zazo zokuzisebenzisa kanye nezimo zokusebenzisa.
Indlela yokukhulumisana nejubane
I-Modbus TCP isebenzisa isitaki sephrothokholi ye-TCP/IP ukudlulisa idatha ngamanethiwekhi, ithembele emthangalasisekelo wenethiwekhi efana ne-Ethernet ukufikelela ukudluliswa kwedatha okurhabako nokukhulu.
I-Modbus RTU, ngakelinye ihlangothi, idlulisela idatha ngamalayini we-serial afana ne-RS-485 ne-RS-232, enejubane lokudlulisa elibuthakathaka. Ukudluliswa kwedatha kanye nezimo zokusebenzisa.
I-Modbus RTU ihlanganisa amafreyimu wedatha ngefomethi ye-binary encani, kufaka hlangana amakheli wamakheli, amakhodi womsebenzi, idatha, kanye namasimu we-checksum. Ifomethi le idluliselwa kuhle ngefomu ye-binary, okwenza bona ifaneleke khulu ukusetjenziswa kwesikhathi sangempela nofana ukulawula kwendawo, khulukhulu eendaweni ezinganawo umthangalasiseko wenethiwekhi, njengamasayithi wokuzenzakalela webubulo, amahlelo afakwe ngaphakathi, amanethiwekhi weenzwa, kanye namahlelo wokulawula amancani.
I-Modbus TCP, ngakelinye ihlangothi, itjhugulula ibhayithi ngayinye yedatha ye-binary ibe yintambo ye-hexadecimal yamadijithi amabili, ebese ihlanganiswa ndawonye bese ithunyelwa ngefomethi yekhodi ye-TCP. Ngebanga lokuba lula kwayo, ukuthembeka, nokubiza kwayo, isetjenziswa khulu eenhlelweni ezinkulu zokuzenzakalela, amaziko wedatha, ukuzenzakalela kwezakhiwo, kanye ne-Inthanethi yezinto zebubulo, ezitlhoga amabanga amade wokuthintana kanye neemfuneko eziphezulu zesikhathi sangempela nokuzinza kokudluliswa kwedatha.
Iindawo yokusetjenziswa
Ebubulweni lokukhiqiza, i-Modbus isetjenziselwa ukuhlanganisa imitjhini yokukhiqiza ehlukahlukeneko begodu ifinyelele ukutjheja nokulawula kwesikhathi sangempela kwekambiso yokukhiqiza; Emkhakheni wamandla, isetjenziselwa ukuphathwa ngokuzenzakalelako kwamahlelo wamandla, okufaka hlangana ukuphehlwa kwamandla, ukudlulisa, kanye neenkambo zokusabalalisa; Emkhakheni wezokuthutha, i-Modbus isetjenziselwa amahlelo wesiginali yokudlula kwesitimela emadorobheni, ukutjheja ubujamo beenkoloyi, njll; Emkhakheni wokuzenzakalela kwezakhiwo, i-Modbus isetjenziselwa i-HVAC, ukukhanyisa, kanye neenhlelo zezokuphepha ezakhiweni.
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-Inthanethi yamabubulo kanye nethekhnoloji ye-Inthanethi yezinto, i-Modbus nayo ihlala itjhugulula begodu ithuthukisa ukuvumelana nezimo zebubulo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezitjhugulukako. Ukwenza isibonelo, i-Modbus/TCP kancanikancani iba lizinga elijayelekileko lokukhulumisana nge-Ethernet yamabubulo, begodu amadivayisi wesango asekelwe ku-Modbus enza bona amadivayisi we-Modbus wendabuko akghone ukuxhuma lula kumanethiwekhi wesimanjemanje, okwenza bona kube nokugcinwa kwefu nokuhlaziywa kwedatha.
Ngokufingqa, i-Modbus, njengephrothokholi yokuthintana yezebubulo evuthiweko nesetjenziswa khulu, ibone ituthuko yethekhnoloji yokuzenzakalela yezebubulo begodu yabeka isisekelo esiqinileko sobuhlakani bezebubulo besikhathi esizako. Ngokuthuthukiswa okuragela phambili kwethekhnoloji, i-Modbus izakuragela phambili nokudlala indima eqakathekileko ekuqhubekiseni ukutjhuguluka nokutjhuguluka kwehlelo lamabubulonamkha.