Itumanaho rya Modbus: Urufunguzo rwo Kubaka Imiyoboro y'Inganda Idafite Umuvuduko
Itumanaho rya Modbus: Urufunguzo rwo Kubaka Imiyoboro y'Inganda Idafite Umuvuduko
Incamake
Modbus ni protocole ikoreshwa cyane mu rwego rw'inganda, yashinzwe mu 1979 kugira ngo yorohereze itumanaho hagati y'ibikoresho byikora. Modbus yabanje gushyirwa mu bikorwa nk'protocole yo ku rwego rwa porogaramu yo kohereza amakuru binyuze mu cyiciro cy'uruhererekane, none ubu ishobora no kwaguka kugira ngo ishyirwe mu bikorwa binyuze muri protocole y'uruhererekane, TCP / IP, na User Datagram (UDP). Iyi nyandiko itanga ibisobanuro byimbitse ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya protocole.
Protocole ya Modbus ni iki?
Modbus ni uburyo bwo gusubiza ubusabe bushyirwa mu bikorwa binyuze mu mibanire hagati y’umukoresha n’umukoresha. Mu mibanire hagati y’umukoresha n’umukoresha, itumanaho rihora riba mu buryo bwa babiri babiri (igikoresho kigomba gutangira ubusabe hanyuma kigategereza igisubizo), kandi igikoresho gisaba (igikoresho gikuru) ni cyo gishinzwe gutangiza buri mibanire. Ubusanzwe, igikoresho cy’ibanze ni uburyo bwo guhuza imashini n’abantu (HMI) cyangwa uburyo bwo gukurikirana no kubona amakuru (SCADA), mu gihe ibikoresho bya kabiri ari uburyo bwo kugenzura, kugenzura imikorere y’amakuru (logic controllers).plcs), cyangwa ibyuma bigenzura imikorere y’ikoranabuhanga (PACs). Ibikubiye muri ubu busabe n’ibisubizo, hamwe n’urwego rw’umuyoboro wohereza ubwo butumwa, bigenwa n’urwego rutandukanye rwa protocole.
Ni ibihe bikoresho bishyigikira protocole ya Modbus?
Protocole ya Modbus ishyigikiwe cyane n'ibikoresho, birimo ibyuma bigenzura imikorere (PLCs), ibyuma bigenzura imikorere (RTUs), ibyuma bipima, ibikoresho bikoresha ikoranabuhanga, ibyuma bigenzura imikorere y'ibikoresho (HMIs), n'ibindi bikoresho byinshi mu buryo bwikora mu nganda no mu nganda. Ishami rishinzwe kugenzura imikorere. Modbus ikoreshwa cyane kandi yabaye ihame ry'imikorere hagati y'ibikoresho byakozwe n'inganda zitandukanye mu nzego nko mu nganda, ingufu, ubwikorezi, n'ubwubatsi bwikora.
Modbus gateway ni igikoresho gihindura protocole y'itumanaho ikoreshwa n'ibigo by'itumanaho bya sisitemu y'ikoranabuhanga mu nganda. Gitumanaho n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, gikusanya amakuru ava ku bikoresho byo hasi kikayohereza kuri Modbus gateway, gishyiraho umurongo n'umuyoboro wa mudasobwa wo hejuru, kandi gikora protocole ya Modbus na mudasobwa z'itumanaho.
Uburyo bw'itumanaho rya Modbus
Porotokole ya Modbus ifite uburyo butatu bw'ingenzi bw'itumanaho:
lRTU (Ikigo cya kure cy'itumanaho)
lASCII (Kode Ngenderwaho y'Abanyamerika yo Guhanahana Amakuru)
lTCP/IP (Porotoli yo Kugenzura Ihererekanya ry'Ihererekanya ry'Ibintu/Porotoli ya Interineti)
Muri protocole ya Modbus, Modbus TCP na Modbus RTU ni bwo buryo bubiri bukoreshwa cyane mu itumanaho. Nubwo bwose bwagenewe koroshya ihererekanya ry'amakuru hagati y'ibikoresho, hari itandukaniro rinini mu buryo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa no mu buryo bwo gukoresha.
Uburyo bwo gutumanaho n'umuvuduko
Modbus TCP ikoresha protocole ya TCP / IP stack mu kohereza amakuru ku miyoboro, yishingikiriza ku bikorwa remezo bya network nka Ethernet kugira ngo igere ku kohereza amakuru ku buryo bwihuse kandi bunini.
Ku rundi ruhande, Modbus RTU yohereza amakuru binyuze mu mirongo y’uruhererekane nka RS-485 na RS-232, ifite umuvuduko wo kohereza amakuru ugenda buhoro..
Modbus RTU ikubiyemo amakuru mu buryo bw'ibinari, harimo aderesi, kode z'imikorere, amakuru, n'amashami ya checksum. Ubu buryo bwoherezwa neza mu buryo bw'ibinari, bigatuma bukoreshwa neza mu buryo bw'igenzura ry'igihe nyacyo cyangwa mu buryo bw'ibanze, cyane cyane mu bidukikije bidafite ibikorwa remezo by'umuyoboro, nko mu nyubako z'inganda zikora, sisitemu zishyirwamo, imiyoboro ya sensor, na sisitemu nto zo kugenzura.
Ku rundi ruhande, Modbus TCP ihindura buri byte y'amakuru ya binary mo umugozi wa hexadecimal ufite imibare ibiri, hanyuma ugahuzwa hamwe ugahererekanywa muri kode ya TCP. Bitewe n'uko yoroshye, yizewe, kandi ikaba ihendutse, ikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu nini zikora ikoranabuhanga, ibigo by'amakuru, ikoranabuhanga ry'inyubako, na interineti y'ibintu mu nganda, bisaba intera ndende y'itumanaho n'ibisabwa byinshi mu gihe nyacyo no mu buryo buhamye kugira ngo amakuru yoherezwe.
Aagace ko gukorerwamo
Mu nganda zikora, Modbus ikoreshwa mu guhuza ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gukora no kugenzura no kugenzura inzira yo gukora mu buryo butunguranye; Mu rwego rw'ingufu, ikoreshwa mu gucunga ikoranabuhanga ry'amashanyarazi, harimo no gutanga amashanyarazi, kohereza no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi; Mu rwego rw'ubwikorezi, Modbus ikoreshwa mu buryo bw'ibimenyetso by'inzira za gari ya moshi zo mu mujyi, kugenzura uko imodoka zihagaze, n'ibindi; Mu rwego rw'ikoranabuhanga ry'inyubako, Modbus ikoreshwa muri HVAC, amatara, na sisitemu z'umutekano mu nyubako.
Bitewe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rya interineti mu nganda na interineti y’ibintu, Modbus ihora ihanga udushya no kuvugurura kugira ngo ihuze n’ibintu bigoye kandi bihinduka mu nganda. Urugero, Modbus/TCP igenda iba umurongo ngenderwaho w’itumanaho rya Ethernet mu nganda, kandi ibikoresho by’amarembo bishingiye kuri Modbus bituma ibikoresho bisanzwe bya Modbus bishobora guhuza byoroshye n’imiyoboro igezweho, bigatuma habaho kubika no gusesengura amakuru mu bicu.
Muri make, Modbus, nk'uburyo bwo gutumanaho mu nganda bumaze igihe kandi bukoreshwa cyane, yiboneye iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga mu nganda kandi yashyizeho urufatiro rukomeye rw'ubuhanga mu by'inganda mu gihe kizaza. Hamwe n'iterambere rihoraho ry'ikoranabuhanga, Modbus izakomeza kugira uruhare runini mu guteza imbere udushya n'impinduka mu itsinda ry'inganda.cyangwa.